Immunometabolic Endotypes Define Distinct Clinical Trajectories in Type 2 Diabetes [scRNA-seq I]

Here, we provide transcriptomic datasets from circulating CD14⁺ monocytes (bulk RNA-seq) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs, single-cell RNA-seq) derived from newly diagnosed T2D patients. Using neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts, patients were stratified into four immune endotypes via unsupervised clustering: Severe Inflammatory Diabetes (SIND), Mild Inflammatory Diabetes (MIND), Lymphocyte Rich Diabetes (LYRD), and Lymphocyte Deficient Diabetes (LYDD).

Bulk and single-cell transcriptomic analyses reveal endotype-specific immune signatures, including selective expansion of CCR2hi and CD39hi classical monocytes in SIND, enrichment of monocyte states associated with chemotaxis and myeloid activation, and altered adaptive immune programs. These profiles were modulated by IL-1β antagonism and bariatric surgery–induced remission. This dataset provides a resource for exploring the immune heterogeneity of T2D.