Table 1_Temporal synchronization during bilateral foot-tapping and its relationship with gait disturbance in patients with Parkinson’s disease.xlsx

In this study, we aimed to investigate abnormalities in lower-limb rhythmic control and their association with freezing of gait in PD using a bilateral foot-tapping task.</p>Methods<p>Fifteen patients with PD and 25 healthy controls performed foot-tapping tasks synchronized with auditory tones at fixed intervals (500–2,400 ms).

The tasks included unilateral and bilateral foot-tapping, with bilateral movements performed either in-phase (simultaneous) or antiphase (alternating). Data on synchronizing tapping error and inter-tap interval variability were analyzed and correlated with scores from clinical assessments, including the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and Freezing of Gait Questionnaire.</p>Results<p>Patients with PD showed greater negative synchronizing tapping error (negative asynchrony) and higher inter-tap interval variability than did controls, especially in antiphase condition.