Controlling photoionization using attosecond time-slit interferences

In this study the photoelectron distribution was studied while varying the carrier-to-envelope phase (CEP) of the infrared field. The CEP is the phase relation between the envelope of a light pulse and its carrier wave, and for few cycle pulses it significantly alters the shape of the electric field. Since the attosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses are generated by non-linear up-conversion of the infrared pulse, changing the CEP also influences the number of extreme ultraviolet pulses generated, and the resulting photoelectron momentum distribution also shows great variation that depends on the CEP.

Data has been aquried with a 3D momentum spectrometer, recording position and time-of-flight of photo-electrons and photo-ions in coincidence. For more information about the operation of the spectrometer and methods for retriving momenta see: M Gisselbrecht, A Huetz, M Lavollée, TJ Reddish, DP Seccombe, Optimization of momentum imaging systems using electric and magnetic fields. Rev.

Sci. Instrum. 76, 013105 (2005). Both measurements were been acquired with an extracting electric field of 84 V and corresponding magnetic field of 5.68 Gauss.

Each measurement consists of three files. The one called 'events' lists the events of the ion and electron detector in chronological order. NaN indicates no event was recorded.

The file called 'ions' contains the time and position information of the recorded ions, with each row number corresponding to that recorded in the 'events' file. The file called 'electrons' contains the time and position information of the recorded electrons, with each row number corresponding to that recorded in the 'events' file. For both the 'ions' and 'electrons' file, column one and two contains the x and y information, while column three contains the time of flight in ns.