Momentum budget of the migrating diurnal tide in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere

The leading terms of the momentum budget of the migrating diurnal tide are diagnosed from temperatures and geopotential height provided by Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED)/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) and the horizontal wind vector provided by TIMED Doppler Interferometer (TIDI). The "wave drag" upon the tide is inferred as a residual of the classical and linear advective terms in the zonal and meridional momentum equations.

Between 85 and 100 km, the migrating diurnal tide is generally far from the classical description of Chapman and Lindzen (1970). The leading nonclassical terms are the meridional advection of zonally averaged momentum and wave drag effects encapsulated in the momentum residuals. The magnitudes of the momentum residuals range between 50 and 150 m s⁻¹ d⁻¹ for the zonal component and 100-250 m s⁻¹ d⁻¹ for the meridional component.