Human Development–Connectivity Intensity Index (HDCI)

The dataset integrates seven types of pressure indicators: population density, nighttime lights, urban land, farmland, roads, railways, and reservoirs.

It employs a novel reverse distance-weighted method (RFIDW) assisted by random forests to adaptively represent the differentiated impact ranges of human land use at various scales, and adopts a hierarchical fixed-weight strategy based on robust correlation structures to suppress measurement bias from highly correlated indicators. Building upon the macro-level identification capabilities of traditional human impact indices, this dataset more accurately reflects the spatial impact patterns jointly shaped by human development and infrastructure connectivity during China’s long-term development process.