Poly (allylamine hydrochloride)-selenium Nanoparticles Inhibit Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus by Targeting DDX5 and Reactive Oxygen Species

In this study, we synthesized and characterized poly (allylamine hydrochloride)-selenium nanoparticles (PAH-Se NPs) and evaluated their antiviral activity against PRRSV in vitro and the underlying mechanism. PAH-Se NPs exhibited uniform spherical morphology with average hydrodynamic diameter of 118 nm and excellent colloidal stability with a zeta potential of +50.7 mV.

Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated low toxicity of PAH-Se NPs in MARC-145 cells with a CC50 of 40.24 μg/mL, indicating favorable biocompatibility. Multiple complementary assays, including viral RNA quantification, cell viability restoration, plaque assays, N protein expression analyses, and indirect immunofluorescence assay, showed that PAH-Se NPs could significantly inhibit PRRSV replication in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 0.076 μg/mL.