The effect of sense of power on pro-social behaviors in college students' sports scenarios the chain-mediated role of mental toughness and self-efficacy

A total of 550 valid samples were obtained through stratified random sampling, covering freshmen to seniors from four representative universities in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chongqing, with 44.2% males and 55.8% females.The data were collected using four standardized scales: the Generalized Sense of Power Scale (8 items, α=0.983), the Pro-Social Behavior Scale in Sports Situations (8 items, α=0.956), the Adolescent Mental Toughness Scale (27 items, α=0.966), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (10 items, α=0.902).

All scales adopt Likert scoring (5-point or 7-point), with higher scores indicating higher levels of the corresponding variables.Data processing was performed using Excel, SPSS 27.0, and the PROCESS plugin. Harman's one-way test confirmed no common method bias (the first factor explained 37.884% < 40%), and KMO=0.936 with Bartlett's sphericity test p<0.001, indicating good validity. Statistical methods included Spearman correlation analysis, non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis), and Bootstrap chain mediation analysis (5000 repetitions).The dataset includes demographic variables (gender, grade) and core variables (sense of power, pro-social behavior, mental toughness, self-efficacy), with no missing key data.