Experimental, observational, and numerical research on intentional and inadvertent weather modification

Along with the intentional activities, clouds and precipitation have been inadvertently changed by human activities such as industrial air pollution and urbanization.

Despite the inherent difficulty in assessing the effect of intentional and inadvertent weather modification, various materials, methods, technologies, and applications of conducting and evaluating weather modification have been developed. During the last several decades, fundamental theories, observational instruments, and especially numerical models have advanced dramatically in the fields of cloud microphysics, dynamics, and cloud-aerosol interactions to a level that the effects of intentional and inadvertent weather modification can be more or less quantitatively assessed.