Research Data Winata et al (2026)

These results suggest that firms with stronger CSR strategic commitments and higher representation of women in managerial positions are better able to meet stakeholder expectations and strengthen oversight, leading to a reduced level of ESG-related controversies. Conversely, sustainability reporting alone appears insufficient to influence the occurrence of ESG controversies. This study contributes to the growing literature on corporate sustainability, governance, and ESG performance in emerging markets.

The findings provide practical implications for corporate managers and policymakers by highlighting the importance of strengthening the implementation and monitoring of CSR Strategies and governance mechanisms to mitigate ESG-related risks. Furthermore, the study supports the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 5 through the promotion of women’s participation in managerial positions, and SDG 16 through enhanced corporate accountability, transparency, and governance.