Acute Social Stress Changes Response Speed and the Balance Between Reward and Punishment-Based Learning Differently in Low and High Cortisol Female Responders

Previous studies have shown that stress can change feedback responsiveness, which is often disturbed in psychiatric disorders. In this study, we experimentally induced stress by the Trier Social Stress Test and examined the effects on cortisol levels, state anxiety, and performance on a reward- and punishment-based reversal learning paradigm.

Forty-five healthy young women were tested in an experimenter-blind between-subjects design. Based on their cortisol response, participants were divided into low (a decrease in cortisol) and high responders (an increase in cortisol). The public speech increased anxiety in both groups compared to controls.