Mesosphere and lower thermosphere temperature responses to the May 2024 Mother's Day storm

The storm‐time ΔT were determined by performing daily zonal running mean on the temperature profiles in the ascending and descending nodes separately. The storm‐time ΔT had peak values of ≥25 K and extended downward to ∼100 km globally.

Above 105 km, the global mean ΔT had values of ≥20 K in the early morning and of ≥15 K in the late afternoon during storm‐time. At high latitudes, the storm‐time ΔT was larger in the late afternoon than in the early morning. This is opposite to that at middle and low latitudes.