Data Sheet 1_Latent mathematics attitude profiles among eighth-grade students: associations with school belonging and bullying.zip

Introduction<p>This study examined heterogeneity in students’ mathematics attitudes and the associations of perceived school belonging, bullying victimization, gender, and home educational resources with profile membership.</p>Methods<p>TIMSS 2023 Türkiye data included 4,925 eighth-grade students (LPA analytic N = 4,820; three-step analytic N = 4,739). Latent profile analysis used the three official TIMSS derived scale scores for liking mathematics, confidence in mathematics, and valuing mathematics, with equal indicator variances across profiles and within-profile covariances fixed at zero.

Model selection jointly considered fit, profile size, classification quality, substantive distinctiveness, and covariance-specification sensitivity. Associations with profile membership were examined using design-adjusted, classification-error-corrected three-step analyses.</p>Results<p>A five-profile solution was retained as a parsimonious descriptive classification: Low Overall / Very Low Confidence, Low Liking-Value / Relatively Higher Confidence, Slightly Below-Average, Positive, and Highly Positive.