Data Sheet 1_Gestational benzene exposure programs sex-specific neuroimmune responses to postnatal viral infection.pdf

Transcriptomic and qPCR analyses identified sex-dependent differences at the two fetal collection endpoints in developmental, immune, and GPCR-linked signaling pathways. At E17.5, benzene exposure reduced EGR2 and increased MHC II in fetal brain myeloid/microglia-enriched cells in both sexes. At PND17 after MHV68 challenge, prenatally exposed males had higher brain ORF65 and Il1b transcript abundance and altered IBA1/IL-1β responses; no corresponding benzene-associated differences were detected among the female endpoints measured.</p>Conclusions<p>Continuous gestational benzene exposure was associated with sex-dependent alterations in fetal neuroimmune measures and selected postnatal responses to viral challenge.

Because the E12.5 and E17.5 cohorts differed in developmental age, cumulative exposure duration, and neural tissue collected (fetal head versus fetal brain), the study does not identify a discrete gestational window of susceptibility.</p>