A Cross-Cultural Comparison on Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Towards Artificial Agents

Explicit attitudes were measured with the Negative Attitudes Towards Robots Scale (NARS) and implicit attitudes with an Implicit Association Test (IAT). Japanese participants showed more positive explicit attitudes toward robots than Dutch participants, but no cultural differences emerged in implicit attitudes.

Robot embodiment did not affect implicit preferences, which remained moderate across both groups. Cultural effects appear at the explicit but not implicit level. Repository structure description: (1) Raw data: original questionnaire responses (NARS), IAT trial-level data for each experiment for each culture, participant demographics.