Integrated Multi-Omics Profiling of Thymoma Identifies Subtype-Specific Remodeling and Myasthenia Gravis-Associated Targets

Here, we profiled paired thymoma and distant nontumorous thymic tissues using untargeted metabolomics, lipidomics, and label-free quantitative proteomics, integrating these layers with MG status, clinicopathologic data, immunohistochemistry, and external transcriptomic validation from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort.

Thymomas exhibited a reproducible metabolic and lipidomic signature characterized by coordinated alterations in amino acid and nucleotide metabolism alongside structured changes in lipid subclasses that support membrane remodeling. Proteomic profiling distinguished tumors from distant nontumorous thymic tissue and identified three exploratory proteomic groups with distinct pathway patterns tightly coupled to lipid metabolic shifts.