Table · dataset · 2026
Fluorescence Quenching Efficiency and Sensing Mechanism of Donor–Acceptor-Type Nitroaromatic Compounds Using Poly(3-thiophene ethoxide)-CTAB Complex
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A surfactant-assisted strategy was employed to enhance the photoluminescence properties of polythiophene for the detection of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs).
Description
Poly(3-thiophene ethanol) (P3TE) was synthesized via chemical oxidative polymerization and subsequently complexed with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to form a stable and soluble P3TE-CTAB complex. Structural characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectra, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron microscopy confirmed the successful complexation and revealed improved structural ordering and morphological transformation from flake-like aggregates to cylindrical coil-like nanostructures.
The P3TE-CTAB complex exhibited a stable yellow emission in dimethyl sulfoxide with a quantum yield of 39.5% and a large Stokes shift of 132 nm. The fluorescence sensing behavior toward 12 structurally different nitroaromatic compounds, including nitroanilines, nitrophenols, and nitrotoluenes, was systematically investigated. Fluorescence quenching among para-substituted nitro compounds follows the order para-nitroaniline > para-nitrophenol > para-nitrotoluene with Stern–Volmer constants 9.1 ± 0.9 × 10<sup>3</sup> M<sup>–1</sup>, 2.9 ± 0.2 × 10<sup>3</sup> M<sup>–1</sup>, and 5.3 ± 0.2 M<sup>–1</sup>, respectively.
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The quenching efficiency strongly depended on type of donor (−NH<sub>2</sub>, −OH, −CH<sub>3</sub>) and its position with respect to acceptor (−NO<sub>2</sub>) groups in the analyte. Fluorescence lifetime, dynamic light scattering, and field emission scanning electron microscopy studies demonstrated that nitroaromatic analytes promote aggregation of the P3TE-CTAB complex without significant shortening of the excited-state lifetime.
These results suggest that fluorescence quenching is predominantly governed by aggregation-induced static quenching, while photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and the inner filter effect (IFE) provide additional contributions. Correlation of quenching efficiency with DFT-computed molecular hyperpolarizability, LUMO energy, and spectral overlap established that analyte hyperpolarizability is the primary factor governing polymer aggregation and fluorescence quenching.
Real-sample analysis further demonstrated the practical applicability of the P3TE-CTAB system for nitroaromatic detection.
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Where it is published
- DOI doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c02454.s001 ↗
DOI / persistent id · from zivahub uct ac za
Catalogue records · 1
- OAI-PMH record api.figshare.com/v2/oai?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=oai%3Af… ↗
metadata API · from zivahub uct ac za
Topics
- From keywords
- Astronomy & Astrophysics · Chemistry · Earth & Environmental Science · Life Sciences
- Inferred from text
- Magnetic resonance imaging 65% · Microscopy 75% · Organic chemistry 71%
Provenance · 1 source records, 12 field assertions
| Source | Key | Last seen | Raw |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZivaHub | oai:figshare.com:article/34025300 | 5 d ago | JSON v1 |
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| concepts[modality].local:modality:mri | enrichment · zivahub uct ac za | keyword-concept-rules@1.0.0 | title+description (65%) |
| description | source · zivahub uct ac za | connector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0 | /metadata/dc/description |
| license | source · zivahub uct ac za | connector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0 | /metadata/dc/rights |
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| title | source · zivahub uct ac za | connector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0 | /metadata/dc/title |