Data Sheet 1_Family socioeconomic status and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in preschool children: a cross-sectional study of 21,366 parent–child dyads in Yan’an, western China.zip

In the fully adjusted linear model, each 1-SD increase in SES corresponded to a 0.17-point decrease in the SDQ hyperactivity/inattention score (95% CI: –0.18 to –0.15, P < 0.001). Logistic regression showed a 27% reduction in the odds of elevated ADHD symptoms per 1-SD increase in SES (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.64 to 0.84, P < 0.001). A clear dose–response relationship emerged across SES tertiles (P for trend < 0.001).

Stratified analyses demonstrated consistent associations across all subgroups, with no significant effect modification after Bonferroni correction. Multiple imputation and restricted cubic spline analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings.</p>Conclusions<p>Higher family SES is associated with lower ADHD symptom levels in preschool children from western China, with a clear dose-response relationship. These findings underscore the importance of socioeconomic resources in early childhood mental health and may inform the development of targeted intervention strategies for low-SES families.

Longitudinal studies are warranted to establish causality and elucidate underlying mechanisms.</p>