Hot subdwarf binaries

Additional analysis onto a golden sample of 88 well-defined objects, is also presented. The findings demonstrate a high agreement level (~70-90%) with the classifications from the Virtual Observatory Sed Analyzer (VOSA) tool. SVM in a radial basis function achieves 70.97% reproducibility for binary targets using photometry, and CNN reaches 84.94% for binary detection using spectroscopy.

We also find that the single-binary differences are especially observable on the infrared flux in our Gaia DR3 BP/BR spectra, at wavelengths larger than ~700nm. We find that all the methods used are in fairly good agreement and are particularly effective to discern between single and binary systems. The agreement is also consistent with the results previously obtained with VOSA.

In global terms, considering all quality metrics, CNN is the method that provides the best accuracy. The methods also appear effective for detecting peculiarities in the spectra. While promising, challenges in dealing with uncertain compositions highlight the need for caution, suggesting further research is needed to refine techniques and enhance automated classification reliability, particularly for large-scale surveys.