Effects of dairy cattle slurry and chemical fertilizer on the soil phosphorus balance of spring maize fields in northeast China

This study, through different combined fertilizer-manure treatments under field conditions, monitors soil phosphorus dynamics and plant phosphorus accumulation and translocation, and integrates agronomic and environmental factors to determine the suitable application rate of liquid cattle manure, thereby providing a theoretical basis for green maize production and efficient nutrient management. This dataset is derived from a field experiment conducted in 2021 at the Maize Research Base of the Harbin Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Heilongjiang Province (126°28′26″E, 45°51′30″N, altitude 120 m), where the test soil is meadow black soil and the planted crop is spring maize (cultivar: Kenwo No. 1).

The data cover maize yield and its components (grain yield adjusted to 14% moisture content, harvested ear number, kernels per ear, 100-kernel weight, ear length, and ear diameter), biomass at different growth stages (leaf, stem, and aboveground total biomass at jointing, silking, and maturity stages, as well as grain biomass and aboveground nitrogen accumulation at maturity), phosphorus accumulation (total phosphorus content, dry matter weight, and phosphorus accumulation in leaves, stems, and grains at silking and maturity), and nitrogen use efficiency (nitrogen translocation from vegetative organs, translocation efficiency, post-silking nitrogen assimilation, translocation contribution to grain, nitrogen harvest index, and physiological, agronomic, partial factor productivity, recovery, and utilization efficiencies of nitrogen fertilizer).