Cross-language transfer of voice identification: The role of language familiarity

In all three experiments, participants were required to complete a voice identity recognition task, in which they first learned speaker identities in one language condition and then transferred the learned speaker identity representations to other test languages.Experiment 1 employed a single-factor three-level design to investigate whether voice identity representations are transferable across languages.

A total of 36 participants were included. All participants first learned speaker identities in the English learning language condition and then transferred these identity representations to the Mandarin, Cantonese, and English test conditions.Experiment 2 employed a two-factor mixed design to examine how language-universal and language-specific information influence cross-language voice transfer. A total of 54 participants were included and randomly assigned to three groups of 18 each.