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Table · dataset · 2026

RRL abundances in Baade's Window

Listed in IVOA Registry (Virtual Observatory)

The shape and kinematics of the metal-poor stellar component of the Galactic bulge remain poorly characterized, so its origin is still weakly constrained.

Description

RR Lyrae (RRL) stars trace this old, relatively metal-poor component and, thanks to precise distances, allow orbits to be computed while minimizing contamination. So far no medium/high-resolution spectroscopic study had targeted bulge RRL.

We present a spectroscopic determination of iron and alpha-element abundances for RRL stars in two fields of Baade's Window, a low-extinction bulge window, with the goal of providing a benchmark to calibrate photometric metallicity indicators for this population. We analysed FLAMES/GIRAFFE HR10 spectra of 78 RRL (60 ab-type and 18 c-type) using a full-spectrum fitting technique (FERRE) to derive the spectroscopic metallicity and the overall alpha-element abundance.

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Distances were obtained from a period-luminosity-metallicity relation, and orbits were computed by combining the radial velocities derived here with Gaia DR3 proper motions. The metallicity distributions peak at [Fe/H]_median_=-1.34+/-0.04 and -1.44+/-0.08dex for ab- and c-type stars, respectively, with relatively high alpha-element abundances around [a/Fe] ~ 0.25 dex. The spectroscopic values are used to test several photometric metallicity methods, which show systematic offsets.

A few ab-type RRL with [Fe/H]>-1 dex and low [a/Fe] show disk-like kinematics, suggesting a possible second, slightly younger RRL population in the bulge region.

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