Data Sheet 1_An in silico cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic testbed for comparing visual and deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease.pdf

(Holm-corrected p = 1.1 × 10^–5), whereas periodic visual input increased thalamocortical relay (TC) and reticular thalamic (RE) firing and enhanced cortical pyramidal (PY) gamma (30–80 Hz) and narrowband 38–42 Hz power. Cortical PY firing was 4.86 ± 0.84 Hz in PD, 5.28 ± 0.87 Hz with DBS (p = 0.285 versus PD), and 10.33 ± 0.85 Hz with periodic visual input (Holm-corrected p = 1.18 × 10^–10 versus PD).

The ampltude series showed a non-monotonic STN response at 1 mA/cm²; from 2 to 5 mA/cm², mean STN beta values occupied a narrow range of 0.00186–0.00212 a.u. In the GPi→TC analysis, TC spontaneous firing remained 0 Hz in 30/30 runs, and all 750,000 saved voltage samples were finite and subthreshold (–72.06 to –54.74 mV; no 0-mV crossings). Across the three-parameter analysis, DBS raw STN-beta suppression remained 88.9%–95.8%, and periodic visual input increased TC firing 3.70–4.29-fold relative to nominal PD.</p>Discussion<p>These findings show persistence across the tested dose, GPi→TC, and three-parameter local domains but do not establish evoked relay fidelity, global parameter robustness, biological mechanisms, or clinical efficacy.</p>