Replaying the past: establishing a 3D simulation methodology for the analysis of roofing and alignments in Neolithic Malta

Originating in the field of 3D reconstruction (here approximation), 3D simulations consist of virtual environments that act as proxies for an archaeological context, allowing the testing of queries in a controllable and non-destructive way. From simulations based on physics to agent-based modelling, a wide variety of archaeological problems can be investigated, producing new and reliable data that supplements the limited material evidence.

However, despite its potential, the lack of an established theoretical background and the reliance on hypothetical assumptions has hampered the widespread use of 3D methodologies in archaeology. This thesis aims to investigate the connection between 3D simulation and the scientific method, to produce results that respect traditional standards of research. The approach is two-fold: firstly, a theoretical discussion is presented, demonstrating the congruousness of 3D simulation with a Popperian method of scientific research.