Data · dataset · 2026
Between resistance and negotiation. Intellectual property as a survival strategy for media facing AI and digital platforms
Listed in ZivaHub and Deakin Research Online and DMU Figshare — shown once because both records carry DOI 10.6084/m9.figshare.34046916.v1
<p dir="ltr"><b>Introduction.</b> Generative AI has intensified tensions between news organisations and technology platforms over intellectual property, audience traffic and journalism’s economic sustainability.
Description
The report examines how leading Spanish digital media have framed AI since ChatGPT’s emergence, while considering the subsequent disruption caused by Google AI Overviews and AI Mode.</p><p dir="ltr"><b>Methods.</b> The study combines quantitative content analysis with legal and industry analysis.
It examines 242 AI-related articles published between January 2022 and December 2024 by leading Spanish digital-native and legacy outlets, selected according to GfK DAM audience data. Frequency distributions and contingency tables assess thematic frames and editorial positions.</p><p dir="ltr"><b>Results.</b> Intellectual property emerges as the central underlying conflict. Coverage concentrates on authorship (68%), ethics and legal liability (45%), business models and licensing (32%), and employment (21%).
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Legacy media generally frame AI as a threat to journalistic assets, whereas digital-native outlets emphasise efficiency and commercial opportunities. Civil society and journalists themselves remain marginal in the debate. Google’s AI-generated summaries further intensify concerns by retaining users within the platform and reducing referral traffic.</p><p dir="ltr"><b>Discussion.</b> Intellectual property is becoming both a defensive right and a bargaining asset.
The sector is consequently shifting from litigation towards licensing, collective negotiation and technological adaptation, although confidential agreements may strengthen major publishers while marginalising smaller outlets.</p>
Links
Where it is published
- DOI doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.34046916.v1 ↗
DOI / persistent id · from zivahub uct ac za
Catalogue records · 1
- OAI-PMH record api.figshare.com/v2/oai?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=oai%3Af… ↗
metadata API · from zivahub uct ac za
Topics
- From keywords
- Communications and media policy · Communications and media policy · Communications and media policy · Communication technology and digital media studies · Communication technology and digital media studies · Communication technology and digital media studies · Computer Science & AI · Computer Science & AI · Computer Science & AI · Earth & Environmental Science · Earth & Environmental Science · Earth & Environmental Science · Engineering · Engineering · Engineering · Intellectual property law · Intellectual property law · Intellectual property law · Journalism studies · Journalism studies · Journalism studies · Law, science and technology · Law, science and technology · Law, science and technology · Media and communication law · Media and communication law · Media and communication law · Media industry studies · Media industry studies · Media industry studies · Social Science · Social Science · Social Science
Provenance · 3 source records, 38 field assertions
| Source | Key | Last seen | Raw |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZivaHub | oai:figshare.com:article/34046916 | 6 d ago | JSON v1 |
| Deakin Research Online | oai:figshare.com:article/34046916 | 6 d ago | JSON v1 |
| DMU Figshare | oai:figshare.com:article/34046916 | 6 d ago | JSON v1 |
| Field | Assertion | Extractor | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| access_level | source · zivahub uct ac za | connector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:440701 | mapping · dro deakin edu au | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Communications and media policy'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:440701 | mapping · zivahub uct ac za | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Communications and media policy'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:440701 | mapping · figshare dmu ac uk | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Communications and media policy'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:470102 | mapping · dro deakin edu au | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Communication technology and digital media studies'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:470102 | mapping · zivahub uct ac za | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Communication technology and digital media studies'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:470102 | mapping · figshare dmu ac uk | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Communication technology and digital media studies'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:470105 | mapping · dro deakin edu au | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Journalism studies'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:470105 | mapping · zivahub uct ac za | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Journalism studies'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:470105 | mapping · figshare dmu ac uk | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Journalism studies'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:470106 | mapping · dro deakin edu au | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Media industry studies'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:470106 | mapping · figshare dmu ac uk | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Media industry studies'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:470106 | mapping · zivahub uct ac za | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Media industry studies'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:480408 | mapping · zivahub uct ac za | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Law, science and technology'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:480408 | mapping · figshare dmu ac uk | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Law, science and technology'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:480408 | mapping · dro deakin edu au | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Law, science and technology'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:480411 | mapping · figshare dmu ac uk | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Media and communication law'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:480411 | mapping · zivahub uct ac za | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Media and communication law'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:480411 | mapping · dro deakin edu au | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Media and communication law'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:480603 | mapping · dro deakin edu au | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Intellectual property law'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:480603 | mapping · zivahub uct ac za | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Intellectual property law'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:480603 | mapping · figshare dmu ac uk | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Intellectual property law'] |
| concepts[field].local:field:computer-science-ai | mapping · dro deakin edu au | connector:dro_deakin_edu_au@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:computer-science-ai | mapping · figshare dmu ac uk | connector:figshare_dmu_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:computer-science-ai | mapping · zivahub uct ac za | connector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · zivahub uct ac za | connector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · dro deakin edu au | connector:dro_deakin_edu_au@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · figshare dmu ac uk | connector:figshare_dmu_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:engineering | mapping · zivahub uct ac za | connector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:engineering | mapping · figshare dmu ac uk | connector:figshare_dmu_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:engineering | mapping · dro deakin edu au | connector:dro_deakin_edu_au@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:social-science | mapping · dro deakin edu au | connector:dro_deakin_edu_au@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:social-science | mapping · zivahub uct ac za | connector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:social-science | mapping · figshare dmu ac uk | connector:figshare_dmu_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| description | source · zivahub uct ac za | connector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0 | /metadata/dc/description |
| license | source · zivahub uct ac za | connector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0 | /metadata/dc/rights |
| publication_date | source · zivahub uct ac za | connector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| title | source · zivahub uct ac za | connector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0 | /metadata/dc/title |