Table · dataset · 2026
Supplementary file 1_Traditional and modern education systems in Ayurveda education: a critical integrative review.docx
Listed in ZivaHub and Deakin Research Online and DMU Figshare and HKU DataHub and Swinburne Figshare and DaYta Ya Rona and SUNScholarData and figshare and Loughborough Research Repository and GRANTS Data and UP Research Data Repository — shown once because both records carry DOI 10.3389/feduc.2026.1941593.s001
<p>The evolution of Āyurveda education reflects a shift from an ancient, philosophically grounded educational model to a contemporary, institutionalized, competency-based one.
Description
Historically, Āyurveda was transmitted through the Gurukul system, a personalized, residential pedagogical model combining textual study with hands-on clinical training, emphasizing moral discipline (Dharma) and the Guru-Śiṣya Paramparā (teacher-disciple lineage).
Learning was structured around the Trividha Jñānopāya (three-fold means of knowledge) and the cognitive sequence of Śravaṇa (listening), Manana (reflection), and Nididhyāsana (internalization). Colonial administrative frameworks and subsequent modernization transitioned Āyurveda education into a structured, time-bound, standardized university system. Today, under the governance of the National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (NCISM) and guided by the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, Āyurveda education employs Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME), integrating digital technologies, Simulation-Based Learning (SBL), and objective assessment tools such as the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE).
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This modernization has increased scalability, standardization, and interdisciplinary integration, but has also introduced challenges including faculty shortages, infrastructural constraints, and epistemological tension between traditional and biomedical frameworks. This integrative review critically examines the historical trajectory, pedagogical shifts, and comparative methodologies of traditional and modern Āyurveda education, giving balanced weight to the strengths and limitations of each system.
It further examines the current landscape of technological integration, including Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Virtual Reality (VR) in anatomical and clinical training, with attention to validation, cost, and governance barriers, and identifies systemic barriers to reform. Finally, the review proposes policy, curricular, and research-oriented recommendations toward a critically synthesized model of Āyurveda education.</p>
Links
Where it is published
- DOI doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2026.1941593.s001 ↗
DOI / persistent id · from zivahub uct ac za
Catalogue records · 1
- OAI-PMH record api.figshare.com/v2/oai?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=oai%3Af… ↗
metadata API · from zivahub uct ac za
Topics
- From keywords
- Astronomy & Astrophysics · Chemistry · Chemistry · Computer Science & AI · Computer Science & AI · Earth & Environmental Science · Earth & Environmental Science · Earth & Environmental Science · Earth & Environmental Science · Earth & Environmental Science · Earth & Environmental Science · Earth & Environmental Science · Earth & Environmental Science · Earth & Environmental Science · Earth & Environmental Science · Earth & Environmental Science · Economics & Finance · Economics & Finance · Engineering · Engineering · Engineering · Engineering · Humanities · Humanities · Humanities · Humanities · Life Sciences · Life Sciences · Life Sciences · Life Sciences · Materials Science · Mathematics & Statistics · Medicine & Health · Medicine & Health · Medicine & Health · Medicine & Health · Medicine & Health · Medicine & Health · Medicine & Health · Medicine & Health · Medicine & Health · Medicine & Health · Medicine & Health · Ocean & Atmospheric Science · Psychology & Behavioral Science · Social Science · Social Science · Social Science · Social Science · Social Science · Social Science · Social Science · Social Science · Social Science · Social Science · Social Science · Traditional, complementary and integrative medicine · Traditional, complementary and integrative medicine · Traditional, complementary and integrative medicine · Traditional, complementary and integrative medicine · Traditional, complementary and integrative medicine · Traditional, complementary and integrative medicine · Traditional, complementary and integrative medicine · Traditional, complementary and integrative medicine · Traditional, complementary and integrative medicine · Traditional, complementary and integrative medicine · Traditional, complementary and integrative medicine
Provenance · 11 source records, 72 field assertions
| Source | Key | Last seen | Raw |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZivaHub | oai:figshare.com:article/34046154 | 6 d ago | JSON v1 |
| Deakin Research Online | oai:figshare.com:article/34046154 | 6 d ago | JSON v1 |
| DMU Figshare | oai:figshare.com:article/34046154 | 6 d ago | JSON v1 |
| HKU DataHub | oai:figshare.com:article/34046154 | 6 d ago | JSON v1 |
| Swinburne Figshare | oai:figshare.com:article/34046154 | 6 d ago | JSON v1 |
| DaYta Ya Rona | oai:figshare.com:article/34046154 | 6 d ago | JSON v1 |
| SUNScholarData | oai:figshare.com:article/34046154 | 6 d ago | JSON v1 |
| figshare | oai:figshare.com:article/34046154 | 6 d ago | JSON v1 |
| Loughborough Research Repository | oai:figshare.com:article/34046154 | 5 d ago | JSON v1 |
| GRANTS Data | oai:figshare.com:article/34046154 | 5 d ago | JSON v1 |
| UP Research Data Repository | oai:figshare.com:article/34046154 | 5 d ago | JSON v1 |
| Field | Assertion | Extractor | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| access_level | source · zivahub uct ac za | connector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:group:4208 | mapping · figshare com | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['integrative medicine'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:group:4208 | mapping · researchdata up ac za | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['integrative medicine'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:group:4208 | mapping · datahub hku hk | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['integrative medicine'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:group:4208 | mapping · zivahub uct ac za | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['integrative medicine'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:group:4208 | mapping · figshare dmu ac uk | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['integrative medicine'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:group:4208 | mapping · scholardata sun ac za | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['integrative medicine'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:group:4208 | mapping · dro deakin edu au | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['integrative medicine'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:group:4208 | mapping · dayta nwu ac za | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['integrative medicine'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:group:4208 | mapping · grantsdata jst go jp | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['integrative medicine'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:group:4208 | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['integrative medicine'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:group:4208 | mapping · figshare swinburne edu au | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['integrative medicine'] |
| concepts[field].local:field:astronomy | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:chemistry | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:chemistry | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:computer-science-ai | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:computer-science-ai | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · researchdata up ac za | connector:researchdata_up_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · zivahub uct ac za | connector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · grantsdata jst go jp | connector:grantsdata_jst_go_jp@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · dro deakin edu au | connector:dro_deakin_edu_au@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · figshare dmu ac uk | connector:figshare_dmu_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · scholardata sun ac za | connector:scholardata_sun_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · datahub hku hk | connector:datahub_hku_hk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · figshare swinburne edu au | connector:figshare_swinburne_edu_au@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · dayta nwu ac za | connector:dayta_nwu_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:economics-finance | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:economics-finance | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:engineering | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:engineering | mapping · dayta nwu ac za | connector:dayta_nwu_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:engineering | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:engineering | mapping · researchdata up ac za | connector:researchdata_up_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:humanities | mapping · researchdata up ac za | connector:researchdata_up_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:humanities | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:humanities | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:humanities | mapping · dayta nwu ac za | connector:dayta_nwu_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:life-sciences | mapping · researchdata up ac za | connector:researchdata_up_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:life-sciences | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:life-sciences | mapping · dayta nwu ac za | connector:dayta_nwu_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:life-sciences | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:materials-science | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:mathematics-statistics | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:medicine-health | mapping · researchdata up ac za | connector:researchdata_up_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:medicine-health | mapping · datahub hku hk | connector:datahub_hku_hk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:medicine-health | mapping · figshare swinburne edu au | connector:figshare_swinburne_edu_au@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:medicine-health | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:medicine-health | mapping · figshare dmu ac uk | connector:figshare_dmu_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:medicine-health | mapping · zivahub uct ac za | connector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:medicine-health | mapping · grantsdata jst go jp | connector:grantsdata_jst_go_jp@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:medicine-health | mapping · dayta nwu ac za | connector:dayta_nwu_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:medicine-health | mapping · dro deakin edu au | connector:dro_deakin_edu_au@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:medicine-health | mapping · scholardata sun ac za | connector:scholardata_sun_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:medicine-health | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:ocean-atmospheric | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:psychology-behavioral | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:social-science | mapping · scholardata sun ac za | connector:scholardata_sun_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:social-science | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:social-science | mapping · dayta nwu ac za | connector:dayta_nwu_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:social-science | mapping · figshare swinburne edu au | connector:figshare_swinburne_edu_au@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:social-science | mapping · datahub hku hk | connector:datahub_hku_hk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:social-science | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:social-science | mapping · figshare dmu ac uk | connector:figshare_dmu_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:social-science | mapping · dro deakin edu au | connector:dro_deakin_edu_au@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:social-science | mapping · zivahub uct ac za | connector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:social-science | mapping · grantsdata jst go jp | connector:grantsdata_jst_go_jp@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:social-science | mapping · researchdata up ac za | connector:researchdata_up_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| description | source · zivahub uct ac za | connector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0 | /metadata/dc/description |
| license | source · zivahub uct ac za | connector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0 | /metadata/dc/rights |
| publication_date | source · zivahub uct ac za | connector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| title | source · zivahub uct ac za | connector:zivahub_uct_ac_za@1.0.0 | /metadata/dc/title |