flight initiation distance of wintering Buzzards

Birds of prey use roadsides and highway infrastructure as attractive foraging sites. In order to measure reactions to human disturbance, the flight initiation distance (FID) of Common Buzzards (Buteo buteo) foraging on expressways and in open farmland was investigated.

The GLM model showed that FID was affected by habitat types, distance from the nearest building and distance from the nearest tree. Common Buzzards took off from a shorter distance on roads than in farmland. The distance from the nearest building and the distance from the nearest tree were positively correlated with FID.