Trace element and S-Hg isotopic dataset for the Origin of the Early Cretaceous Yongxin breccia-hosted gold deposit in Northeast China

Spot ablation analyses were conducted at 3 J/cm2, 32 µm, 2 Hz, with He as carrier gas and Ar as makeup gas. The pyrite reference material SP-Py-01 (δ34SV-CDT = 2.0 ± 0.5‰) returned a measured value of 2.0 ± 0.2‰, confirming analytical reliability. The complete S isotope data are presented in Supplementary Table S2.3.3 Mercury isotope analysis Ore and wall-rock samples were washed, dried, and powdered to 200 mesh.

Total Hg (THg) content and Hg isotope analyses were conducted at the Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. THg content was measured using a Lumex RA-915F Hg analyzer. All samples underwent pre-concentration using a two-stage tube furnace with 5 ml of 40% reverse aqua regia (HNO3/HCl = 3:1, v/v; following Gao et al., 2024).

Reference material GSS-4 showed 90–110% recoveries, and blanks were below the detection limit. Pre-concentrated THg was measured by F732-S CVAAS to calculate pyrite Hg content. Mercury isotopes were analyzed using a Neptune Plus multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) following established methods (Yin et al., 2016; Zerkle et al., 2020) and using NIST-3133 as a standard.The isotope ratios were expressed using the following equations: δ202Hg(‰) = [(202Hg/198Hgsample) (202Hg/198Hgstandard)−1]×1000Non-mass-dependent fractionation, denoted by Δ, describes the deviation of measured δxxxHg values from theoretical mass-dependent behavior, and was calculated as follows (in ‰): ΔxxxHg = δxxxHg - δ202Hg × βWhere β = 0.2520, 0.5024, and 0.7520 for 199Hg, 200Hg, and 201Hg, respectively (Blum and Bergquist, 2007).

Instrumental uncertainty was assessed using the standard reference material NIST-3177. The measured values for NIST-3177 (δ202Hg = -0.45 ± 0.12‰, Δ199Hg = 0.00 ± 0.08‰, Δ201Hg = -0.04 ± 0.16‰, 2SD, n = 5) are consistent with previously published data (Blum and Bergquist, 2007; Moynier et al., 2020). These measurements for NIST-3177 define the analytical uncertainty for the reported data.

The Hg content and isotope compositions are presented in Supplementary Table S3.