The modeling of the North Equatorial Countercurrent in the Community Earth System Model and its oceanic component

Coupled model simulations using the Community Earth System Model version 2 are compared against ocean-ice simulations forced by the second phase of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (CORE) data set. The modeled circulation biases behave differently to the west of and to the east of 120 degrees W: the CORE-forced ocean model largely underestimates the NECC transport to the west and the coupled model underestimates it to the east.

Further analysis suggests that the surface wind stress and its curl is the most important forcing term for correctly simulating the NECC in both models. West of 120 degrees W, the NECC biases in the ocean model are attributed to the southward movement of the maximum easterly trade winds in the Northern Hemisphere and the associated wind stress curl (WSC) pattern; east of 120 degrees W, the NECC biases in the coupled model are attributed to the weak northward cross-equatorial winds and southwestward gap winds, which lead to a weak WSC gradient at the latitude of NECC.