Association of TyG-BMI with Depression Risk: Insights from a CKM Syndrome Population and Clinical Implications

Logistic regression was employed to examine the TyG-BMI–depression association, followed by stratified analyses by age, sex, smoking/alcohol status, and CKM stages (0–3). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression was used to evaluate potential nonlinear relationships.Results The mean age of participants was 56.97 ± 10.41 years, with 50.8% being female. After full adjustment, each 10-unit increase in TyG-BMI was associated with a 4.9% reduction in depression risk (95% CI: 0.903–0.999).

Subgroup analyses revealed stronger protective effects in individuals aged ≥60 years (OR = 0.989, 95% CI: 0.980–0.998) and those at CKM stage 0 (OR = 0.979, 95% CI: 0.962–0.996). RCS analysis indicated a U-shaped nonlinear relationship between TyG-BMI and depression.Conclusion TyG-BMI was inversely associated with depression risk in CKM syndrome, particularly in metabolically healthy individuals (CKM stage 0).

However, extremely low or high TyG-BMI may elevate depression risk. These findings suggest TyG-BMI as a potential screening marker for depression in CKM populations, warranting further longitudinal validation.