Supplementary file 1_The association between green space, socioeconomic deprivation, and COVID-19 infection: a population-based cross-sectional study.doc

Analyses were conducted using multilevel logistic regression models. The proportion of green space was measured within neighborhoods in 2020 and expressed as quintiles.</p>Results<p>Of the participants, 318,198 (61.31%) had records of testing positive for COVID-19.

The results indicated that individuals living in areas with higher woodland cover had lower odds of reporting a positive COVID-19 test result (e.g., fifth quintile: OR = 0.939; 95% CI = 0.894, 0.987). However, individuals living in areas with higher grassland cover had higher odds of reporting a positive COVID-19 test result (e.g., fifth quintile: OR = 1.062; 95% CI = 1.018, 1.108). These associations were stronger in deprived neighborhoods.</p>Conclusion<p>Woodland may provide opportunities for safer social contact while attempting to balance the risk of viral transmission and the potential for positive health behaviors, particularly in more socioeconomically deprived areas.