Estimated magnitudes & distances of LAMOST DR10 stars

To accommodate the significant increase in data volume and quality in LAMOST DR10, several improvements were applied to the method in J. L. Carlin et al.: utilizing denser isochrones, increasing the density of interpolated isochrone grids, and incorporating Gaia G-band magnitudes alongside Two Micron All Sky Survey K-band magnitudes for more comprehensive distance estimates.

A comparison with Gaia parallaxes shows good consistency across the data. For parallaxes below 1mas, the estimated distances are underestimated by 4% for the K band and 10% for the G band, while for parallaxes below 0.25mas, the distances are overestimated by 9% for the K band and 7% for the G band. Distance uncertainties initially increase with distance, with relative distance uncertainties starting at 5% at 1kpc and rising to 17% at 20kpc, then decreasing to 10%-15% for distances greater than 50kpc.