Bibliometric analysis of research hotspots and visual analysis in the field of triptolide

The annual publication volume presented an overall sustained upward trend, with a more prominent growth momentum in English publications. The core author of Chinese literature was Zhang Luyong, and the core contributing institution was the Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Preparations of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The core author of English literature was Zhang Luyong, and the core contributing institution was the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).

Domestic authors and institutions showed close cooperation within their respective teams but limited cross-institutional collaboration, while cross-institutional and cross-regional cooperation was more frequent in international studies. Domestic and international studies mainly focused on pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms, toxicity attenuation and efficacy enhancement, clinical application in diseases, and druggability optimization.

Conclusions The research interest in TP has been continuously growing over the past 20 years. Pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation, anti-tumor, and renal protection have become the mainstream research hotspots in this field. The development of targeted drug delivery systems, toxicity mechanism and systematic prevention and control, application of network pharmacology and multi-omics technologies, and high-quality clinical evidence-based research will be the emerging research directions of TP in the future.