The role of atypical sensory function in the phenomenology of anxiety in autistic adults: an IPA study

Method: 10 autistic adults with a level-1 diagnosis were recruited from the local community via social media and voluntary organisations, and semi-structured interviews were performed. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyse the transcripts. Results: Three main group experiential themes (GETs) were identified: descriptions of anxiety; anxiety and the link to sensory experiences; and managing anxiety around sensory experiences.

Eight subthemes were identified: anxiety as a constant; intense vs persistent anxiety; anxiety as a physical experience; anxiety increases with negative sensory experiences; negative sensory experiences are subjective; the perception of control influences how sensory input is experienced; the need for social support; and sensory supports as a way to reduce anxiety. Conclusions: Anxiety in autistic adults is a physical experience with subjective sensory triggers.

Our findings highlight the vital roles of perception of control and social support. The perception of control with regards to sensory input, both in terms of engaging with it and withdrawing from it, is crucial for managing anxiety effectively.<br><br><i>Thesis embargoed until 31 December 2026.</i>