Innovative ultrasound-assisted and vacuum manifold-assisted pipette tip solid-phase extraction using MSU-2-C18 sorbent for the extraction and purification of glycoalkaloids in potato-based snacks prior to UHPLC-MS/ MS analysis

The method’s greenness was evaluated using the AGREEprep metric, yielding a score of 0.65, indicating good environmental performance. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), ranging from 0.55–4.40 µg/kg and 1.82–14.67 µg/kg, respectively, were achieved for the target analytes. Application to four commercial potato-based snacks revealed major ( α-solanine and α-chaconine) and minor glycoalkaloids (γ-chaconine and solanidine) levels, ranging from 2.0 to 16.0 mg/kg fresh weight, highlighting substantial variability among products and providing a more comprehensive characterization of the glycoalkaloid profile.

Compared to conventional SPE formats, this UAE-VMA-PT-SPE strategy offers superior reproducibility while reducing sample and solvent consumption. The method represents a powerful tool for routine monitoring of glycoalkaloids in potato snacks, supporting food safety assessments and addressing analytical priorities established by the European Food Safety Authority.