Replication Data for: Fig 19.1, BGUW, Estimates of polyandry and multiple paternity, 27 June 2026

See also Fig 19.4. BTPD data for polyandry came from Fig 19.4; see also Hoogland 1995 (my first book). GPD, UPD, and WTPD data for polyandry also came from Fig 19.4.

GPD data for polyandry came from all three study-colonies (PEFO, RMC, and VCC). Documentation of multiple paternity required electrophoresis (BTPDs) or microsatellites (for GPDs, UPDs, and WTPDs) GPD Redondo Meadow Colony (RMC, studied in 2013 through 2016) was at Valles Caldera National Preserve (VCNP). GPD Visitor Center Colony (VCC, studied in 2017 and 2018) was also at VCNP.

GPD colony at Petrified Forest National Park (PEFO) was studied from 1989 through 1995. Information for multiple paternity among GPDs comes only from RMC and VCC--i.e., no data from PEFO, because no good data on multiple paternity from PEFO WTPD data for polygyny and multiple and paternity come from Hoogland et al. 2019, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 7: 1-15. GPD data from microsatellites come from RMC and VCC only, from EXCEL file called GPDs, VCNP, Multiple paternity, 12 March 2021, For BTPDs, GPDs, and WTPDs, the percentage of litters that did not show multiple paternity INCLUDES cases of litter size = 1.

For UPDs, I did NOT include cases of litter size = 1 for multiple paternity. Many problems with UPD paternities, and my estimate of UPD multiple paternity is almost certainly an underestimate. For UPDs, only 2% of UPD litters had only 1 baby (16/678 = 2.36%) File name = Fig 19.1, BGUW, Estimates of polyandry and multiple paternity, 27 June 2026