Interrelationships between the ozone and nitrogen dioxide concentrations in the region of Grande Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil

The VAR model captures the linear interdependencies between multiple time series. In this context, each variable has an estimated equation that represents its evolution in terms of its own lags and the lags of other variables.

Granger causality test is based on a system of bivariate equations to check whether a variable is able to forecast the other. The results showed that the O3 and NO2 concentrations at Laranjeiras station were less affected by concentrations of other stations. The concentrations of Enseada do Suá were significantly affected by other regions, especially Jardim Camburi, IBES and Vitória - Centro.