Model-based design of an energy management strategy for a hybrid electric bus

Using real-world test data, individual component models were validated and later incorporated into a complete model of the vehicle. A fuzzy system that controlled the electric motor torque based on the engine and drivetrain efficiency was developed and optimised using the vehicle model and a genetic algorithm. The optimised fuzzy system demonstrated an energy consumption reduction of approximately 10 % relative to a traditional deterministic rule-based strategy.

Real-world tests were conducted that demonstrated a real-world energy consumption reduction of up to 20 % relative to the existing strategy present on the target vehicle. These results demonstrate that the proposed system is suitable for real-world implementation while also achieving improved performance relative to conventional methods. <br>