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Data · dataset · 2026

Replication Data for: Tegula funebralis populations possess distinct aperture shapes corresponding to an energy and predation gradient

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Contains data and code to replicate Figs. 4–6, Tables 2–4, Supplementary Fig. 1, and Supplementary Tables S2–S3 from the manuscript entitled "Tegula funebralis populations possess distinct aperture shapes corresponding to an energy and predation gradient." Also contains the code to replicate all analyses referenced therein. Manuscript summary: Tegula funebralis is a gregarious trochoid gastropod from the Pacific coast of North America that influences intertidal ecosystems by suppressing local kelp populations and serving as a dietary staple for predators such as sea-stars and crabs.

Tegula funebralis inhabits a wide range of rocky intertidal habitats with diverse energetic and predation pressures. Many intertidal gastropods respond to changes in environmental energy and predation pressure by plastically altering the size of their foot and shape of their aperture; however, no previous research has examined whether T. funebralis exhibits the same morphological variability. In this study, we use two-dimensional geometric morphometrics to determine whether T. funebralis aperture shape varies among 90 specimens sourced from three distinct populations situated along a well-documented energy and predation gradient near Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada.

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We performed a generalized Procrustes analysis on one anatomical landmark and 89 sliding semi-landmarks situated along the perimeter of the aperture. A principal component analysis identified a significant separation in aperture shapes among the three populations. Thin-plate spline deformations demonstrated that specimens from the high-energy, low-predation population have proportionally shorter and wider apertures than specimens from the low-energy, high-predation population.

Short and wide apertures may facilitate a larger, more powerful foot to help the gastropods maintain purchase in high-energy settings; meanwhile, long and narrow apertures may impede shell-entry attacks in high-predation settings. Additionally, spire heights are significantly shorter in populations experiencing high predation, suggesting larger specimens may be less common due to slower growth rates, phenotypic plasticity, or differential predation.

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Inferred from text
Evolutionary biology 73%
Provenance · 1 source records, 12 field assertions
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