Wave airfoil ground effect wing Part A: Simulation of fluid flow around a regular wavy airfoil near the ground surface with high Reynolds number

A recent study using numerical simulations explored the impact of airflow around wavy airfoils near the ground on aerodynamic coefficients. The study revealed that flow separation occurs earlier in the trough parts of the airfoil than in the crest parts.

Additionally, the change in Reynolds number has a more significant impact on aerodynamic coefficients than the change in height above the ground. This effect is less pronounced at high attack angles and yields consistent results.