Transcriptome dataset comparing the initial development of swollen stem versus non-swollen basal stem (root-stem node) in Brassica juncea var. tumida

However, the frequent lodging of the stem base during early swelling, which causes the plant to grow prostrate, and severely limits mechanical harvesting. This data paper presents a transcriptome dataset constructed primarily from RNA-seq data, supplemented by histological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular validation data, to compare the initial developmental differences between the swollen stem (destined to become the prominent "tumorous stem") and the non-swollen basal stem (destined to form the rigid "root-stem node").

The core component of this dataset includes RNA-seq raw reads (FASTQ files) for both stem types. The accompanying validation data consist of histological parameters (cross-sectional area, diameter, phloroglucinol-stained area, cell compactness), physiological indices (lignin and hemicellulose contents), and qRT-PCR validation results for key lignin biosynthesis genes (BjuCCoAOMT1 and BjuHCT). The data show that while the swollen stem exhibits advantages in morphological traits such as cross-sectional area and diameter, its phloroglucinol-stained area, cell compactness in stained regions, and lignin and hemicellulose contents are significantly lower than those in non-swollen stem.