Non-resident fatherhood: a systematic review and phenomenological analysis of experiences and influencing factors

Variability in research designs and inconsistent control of confounders limited comparability, underscoring the need for more rigorous longitudinal research.<br><br>Complementing this, a qualitative study using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) explored the experiences of separated non-resident fathers in Northern Ireland. Semi-structured interviews revealed that separation often triggered profound emotional distress, including guilt, grief, and powerlessness.

Experiences of coercive control and emotional abuse were described, with participants perceiving limited recognition and protection within social and legal systems.<br><br>Financial and legal burdens were consistently reported, alongside stigma and marginalisation associated with non-resident fatherhood. Fathers described shifts in paternal identity as they sought to sustain meaningful relationships with their children in the context of reduced contact.<br><br>Together, these findings highlight the complex interplay of structural, relational, and personal factors influencing non-resident fatherhood.

They demonstrate the need for policies and interventions that foster cooperative co-parenting, support fathers’ mental health, and address legal and financial inequities. Ensuring such supports are in place may reduce marginalisation, strengthen paternal engagement, and ultimately promote child well-being.<br><br><i>Thesis is embargoed until 31 December 2028</i>.<br>