Supplementary file 1_Exploring farmers’ anticipated emotions and behavioural intentions to adopt circular bioeconomy practices with the extended theory of planned behaviour.docx

This analysis underscores the importance of shifting farmers’ behavioural intentions to adopt CBPs. Our study extends theory of planned behaviour (TPB) by integrating anticipated positive and negative emotions, attachment towards traditional farming, pro-environmental attitude, knowledge, and perceived value to provide a comprehensive framework for explaining farmers’ behavioural intentions to adopt CBPs.

Employing a partial least squares structural equation modelling to test the hypotheses using a cross-sectional survey of 1,005 farmers in Balochistan, Pakistan. Our findings reveal that attitude is the key determinant to influence farmers’ behavioural intentions (β = 0.425), whereas subjective norms in context of Balochistan have an insignificant impact. Signifying the critical role of tribal structures and landlord-tenant associations on farmers’ behavioural intentions as compared to family and friends influence as traditionally captured by subjective norms.