Table 1_Maternal HIF1A-IGFBP2 dysregulation links endometriosis to gestational diabetes: a prospective cohort study.xlsx

Spearman rank correlation, age- and BMI-adjusted logistic regression, exploratory ROC analysis with 2,000 stratified bootstrap resamples, and bootstrap optimism correction were performed.</p>Results<p>Criteria-defined GDM occurred in 69/200 women with EM (34.5%) and 27/200 controls (13.5%; RR 2.56, 95% CI 1.71–3.81; P<0.001). HIF1A and IGFBP2 concentrations were lower in the EM group at both pregnancy time points. Within the EM cohort, Spearman rank correlations with mid-pregnancy fasting blood glucose were −0.68 for early-pregnancy HIF1A, −0.50 for early-pregnancy IGFBP2, −0.54 for mid-pregnancy HIF1A, and −0.89 for mid-pregnancy IGFBP2 (all P<0.001).

In adjusted logistic models, lower early HIF1A, early IGFBP2, mid-pregnancy HIF1A, and mid-pregnancy IGFBP2 were associated with GDM, with ORs of 0.922, 0.920, 0.798, and 0.941, respectively. Individual-marker AUCs were 0.844 and 0.688 in early pregnancy and 0.871 and 0.889 in mid-pregnancy. Combined-model AUCs were 0.856 and 0.888, with optimism-corrected AUCs of 0.845 and 0.882.</p>Conclusions<p>In this cohort, EM was associated with a higher frequency of criteria-defined GDM and lower circulating HIF1A and IGFBP2 concentrations.

These biomarkers showed promising exploratory internal diagnostic performance, but the findings are observational and require external validation.</p>