Supplementary file 1_Predictive value of persistent cerebrospinal fluid antibodies at 12 months for long-term clinical outcomes in pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis: a retrospective cohort study.jpg

Although the antibody-persistent group showed a trend toward a higher relapse rate than the antibody-negative group (42.9% vs. 0%), this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.053). In contrast, the antibody-persistent group required significantly more frequent first-line (57.1% vs. 7.7%, P = 0.003) and second-line (39.3% vs. 0%, P = 0.024) immunotherapy.</p><p>Survival analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in seizure-free rates between the two groups during long-term follow-up (median 26 months; log-rank P = 0.601).</p>Conclusion<p>In pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis, persistent CSF NMDAR antibodies at 12 months serve as a marker of incomplete remission and are associated with a trend toward a higher relapse rate and a significantly greater need for intensified immunotherapy, and may help identify patients who would benefit from more intensive immunomodulatory therapy.</p>