Two new species of Hypancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Xingu, Amazon, Brazil

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Sousa, Leandro Melo de, Sousa, Erilda Barbosa de, Ribeiro, Renildo de Oliveira, Sabaj, Mark H., Zuanon, Jansen, Py-Daniel, Lúcia Rapp (2025): Two new species of Hypancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Xingu, Amazon, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 23 (1): e 240080, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2024-0080, URL: doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2024-0080 Hypancistrus was proposed as a monotypic genus for a highly unique species, H. zebra, known only from a short stretch of the Middle rio Xingu on the Brazilian Shield.

Subsequent studies added eight species, all described from river systems draining the Guiana Shield. Analysis of Hypancistrus specimens from the middle and lower Xingu detected two new species that can be separated from its congeners based on color pattern and body size of adults, and that are well known from the ornamental fish trade. Due to their non-overlapping distributions, the prospects of conserving the two species are quite different.