Estradiol enhances the osteogenic differentiation of primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro

E2 treatment not only enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule formation but also time dependently upregulated the osteogenic markers RUNX2 and OPN. To gain mechanistic insight, we performed RNA seq on BMSCs exposed to E2 for 7 days versus untreated controls.

The transcriptomic data revealed significant upregulation of osteogenic genes (e.g., Bmpr1a, Ogn, Alpl, Bglap) and enrichment of Gene Ontology terms associated with cell differentiation and skeletal system development, collectively validating E2 mediated transcriptional activation of the osteogenic program.