Self-consistent global transport of metallic ions with WACCM-X

Here we focus on the self-consistent electrodynamical transport of metallic ions in both the E and F regions. The model with full ion transport significantly improves the simulation of global distribution and seasonal variations of MgC, although the peak density is slightly lower (about 35% lower in peak density) compared with the SCIAMACHY measurements.

Near the magnetic equator, the diurnal variation in upward and downward transport of MgC is generally consistent with the "ionosphere fountain effect". The thermospheric distribution of Fe is shown to be closely coupled to the transport of FeC. The effect of ion mass on ion transport is also examined: the lighter ions (MgC and NaC) are transported above 150 km more easily than the heavy FeC.