Beyond unstructured use: scaffolded integration of generative AI in assessment for learning

Evaluative skills, including critical appraisal (71%) and source verification (69%), were frequently reported. Perceptions of reliability were cautious, and confidence and competence did not differ from neutral. Composite analyses indicated positive experience and learning without corresponding increases in confidence.

Scaffolded integration of GenAI within assessment can support assessment for learning by promoting evaluative engagement and critical AI literacy without encouraging uncritical reliance. These findings position assessment design as a central mechanism for guiding responsible and effective GenAI use in higher education.</p> <p>This study shows that structured integration of GenAI within assessment can support critical thinking, evaluative judgement and responsible AI use without encouraging uncritical reliance.

By requiring students to evaluate and revise GenAI-generated content rather than simply use it to complete tasks, the findings demonstrate how assessment design can provide a practical mechanism for developing critical GenAI literacy in higher education.</p>