Imaging data for Non-invasive modulation of the frontostriatal dynamic loop enhances reward learning and alleviates depressive symptoms

Dataset 2 included 39 healthy participants who underwent EEG recording while performing the instrumental learning task. ProcedureParticipants completed a training session before the formal experiment.Participants in Dataset 1 performed one run of the instrumental learning task during fMRI acquisition.Participants in Dataset 2 performed two runs of the instrumental learning task during EEG recording.Study 2Dataset 4 included 37 healthy participants (active: n = 20; sham: n = 17)). ProcedureParticipants completed a training session before the formal experiment.The experiment consisted of three consecutive phases: pre-modulation, modulation, and post-modulation.

During each phase, participants completed one run of the instrumental learning task.At the end of the experiment, participants completed a questionnaire assessing stimulation-related sensations.Instrumental learning taskParticipants completed an instrumental learning task adapted from Pessiglione et al., in which they learned stimulus–outcome associations through trial and error. On each trial, participants chose between two novel visual stimuli and received probabilistic feedback.