<p>Phenotypic characteristics of the participants.</p>

<div> <p>Background and aims</p><p>Adiponectin circulates as multimers with potentially distinct biological roles, yet most human studies report total adiponectin, which may mask multimer-specific metabolic information<b>.</b> This study aimed to determine whether circulating low- (LMW) and medium-molecular-weight (MMW) adiponectin and their relative pattern are associated with cardiometabolic, behavioral, and chrononutrition characteristics in adults undergoing screening for the RIO Study.</p> <p>Methods and results</p><p>In this cross-sectional study, 112 adults who completed the screening assessment for the RIO Study underwent anthropometric/body-composition assessment, fasting biochemistry, self-reported physical activity and sitting time, and chrononutrition evaluation.

Serum adiponectin multimers were quantified by Western immunoblotting; under the present experimental conditions, only low-molecular-weight (LMW) and medium-molecular-weight (MMW) multimers were consistently detectable. Associations were assessed using Pearson correlations, adjusted multiple linear regression, and principal component analysis (PCA). Exploratory correlations suggested associations of MMW adiponectin and the MMW/LMW ratio with several anthropometric and metabolic variables.